Synthesis of Polyelectrolyte Pani Membrane

Synthesis of Polyelectrolyte Pani tissue layerSYNTHESIS OF POLYELECTROLYTE PAni MEMBRANE BYPHASE INVERSION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATIONSNURUL IZZATI IZNI BT MAT YUSOFF designDuring the last few decades, the application of tissue layer based separation is the leadership technology as one of the alternatives utilize in separating and removal of natural solvents. Moreover, it holds a signifi force outt commercial impact in several(preno houral) beas including irrigate and wastewater treatment, chemical, food industries, pharmaceuticals, petrochemical related industries and bioseparation areas (Javed Alam et al., 2012). However, membrane-based separation quarter fores are comparatively sensitive in the field of separation which imprints current membranes have limitations that hinder their astray employ in aggressive solvents. The situation has led m all studies in order to develop this membrane-based technology.Amongst the new generation of intrinsically conducting polymer, pol yaniline (PAni) membranes have captured the bright attention of scientific community and one of the promising candidates. PAni is a polymer which ill soluble in almost all solvents and has been widely known imputable to its conductive properties. Most important, it is easy to synthesize this polymer and it has an interesting doping and dedoping characteristics. However, the high result of PAni demands several essential conditions. In order to obtain a higher(prenominal) quality polymer product, highly pured monomers, chemicals and solvents are needed. Besides, a strict control on polymerization conditions are needed since the small variation in the polymerization conditions might alter the nature of the product (Sadia Ameen et al., 2011).From the previous study, there are m either research have been done in order to adopt a motionless and useful PAni membrane in nanofiltration. Most of the researches center on synthesize, membrane fabrication and doping/dedoping of PAni membra ne. However, the study on PAni membrane can be expand more instead of those previous research. The stability and act of PAni membrane on polyelectrolyte applications programme should be done to further this study. Polyelectrolyte is a macromolecular species that upon macrocosm typesetd in water or any other ionizing solvent dissociates into a highly charged polymeric particle (Reza Derakhshandeh et al., 2010). One of the methods of polyelectrolyte coating is layer by layer (LBL) coating. LBL is the simplest process being used by most of the researcher. There are numerous advantages of this method compared to other methods for thin film fabrication. The unique advantages of the method are that, some(prenominal) organic and inorganic can be incorporated into LBL thin films anyways offers easier preparation and durable (unknown, yr).PROBLEM STATEMENTSThere are numerous tour of membranes have been develop by researchers. However, membranes nowadays have fixed physical-chemical properties which make separation by membranes very limited to the fixed selectivity of their constituent. Therefore, new membrane actuals moldiness be explored to cope with these limiting factors. Next generation of filtration membranes must be more selective and robust which requires low chemical and button input (Sajjad Sedaghat, 2014). These properties must be considered to meet goals in applications since current membranes ofttimes problematic in cost.Membranes basically can be inclined(p) from ceramic and polymeric materials. There are many studies shown that ceramic materials have several advantages over polymeric materials. As example, membrane from ceramic materials is highly stable in terms of chemical and thermal stability. Unfortunately, the market share of polymeric membranes is far greater than ceramic membranes as the polymeric materials are easier to process and less expensive (Khulbe et al., 2008). Instead of those materials, there are also membranes from inorgani c materials that have been successfully utilize in dehydration of tetrahydrofuran (THF). However, to produce an inorganic membrane requires a high cost rather than polymeric membrane beside their system design is more complex (Chapman et al., 2007). Therefore, membrane from polymeric material is a suitable candidate for the research since it meets the desired criteria.PAni as a polymeric material has been widely researched due to its conductive properties. To date, although PAni has been applied to a number of applications but there are still some deficiency. For instance, PAni membranes which applied to chemically crosslinked swell in THF although it retained their structure while excessively much thermal crosslinking gave membranes with no fluxes in any solvents at all. Furthermore, unsubstantiated PAni membranes shrank during the process of thermal crosslinking which ca use some trouble for large ordered series membrane productions where certain amount of bending or curling i s ask (Loh et al., 2008). An alternative to thermal or chemical crosslinking would be polyelectrolyte coating to make them more stable.OBJECTIVESThe objectives of this study areTo produce phase inversion PAni membrane from chemical polymerization of PAni in APS solution.To introduce polyelectrolyte onto the synthesized membrane.To characterize the membrane morphological, physical, chemical, electrical and filtration properties.LITERATURE REVIEWMETHODOLOGYChemicalsAll chemicals and reagents leave be used are analytical grade. AnalaR aniline, ammonium persulfate (APS), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 4-methylpiperidine (4MP), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) poly(allylamine hydrochloric) (PAH), hydrochloride acid (HCL) and lithium chloride (LiCl)PAni implication by chemical polymerizationTo produce an phenylamine solution, 37.25 g of 0.4 mol Aniline exit be added into a beaker containing 400 mL of 1.0 M HCl. The variety show is well strut. In another beaker, APS solution entrust be pre pared by adding 91.26 g of 0.4 mol APS into 256 mL of 1.0 M HCL. To prevent the premix from freezing at -15 oC, add 66.8 g and 39.68 g of LiCl into both beakers respectively. later finish the preparation of both solutions, mix them in a cone-shaped flask. The conical flask and so volition be put in an incubator shaker at temperature -15 oC and continuously shake for 48 h. During this period, a reaction occur which polymer pervade cake forget be produced. later on 48 h, filter and wash off with 1.5 L DI water to remove any left-over reactants. To deprotonate the emaraldine salt to its base form, the filter cake and so is being place in a beaker contain 250 mL ammonium hydroxide solution (33% w/v) in a beaker and leave behind be mix by exploitation incubator shaker for 12 h at room temperature. Next, the filter cake go forth be filter and will be wash with 1 L DI water. To remove any low weight PAni oligomers and reduction time drying, the filter cake will be wash agai n with 500 mL methanol before being dry on a lower floor vacuum for 24 h. After drying, the dry Emeralidine Base (EB) powder will be pass through a 160 m ensnarl sieve to remove remaining clusters. Then, the EB powder will be stored nether argon at 4 oC until required (Chapman et al., 2007).Membrane production by phase inversionPAni membrane will be produce by wet phase inversion method. First of all, 4MP and NMP will be mix in a beaker to make up the solvent. Then EB powder will be add using a funnel and mix at speed 300 rpm for 12 h. After 12 h mixing, dope the solution by adding maleic acids and mix at speed cl rpm for 12 h. The solution will turn from dark bad to dark green to indicate that acid doping is taken place. The solution is then left to stand for 4 h to remove air bubble. Next, moult the solution on a nonwoven polyester support fabric and immediately immersed in DI water at room temperature for 24 h. During the 24 h, DI water will be change once after 12 h (Loh et al., 2008).Polyelectrolyte coatingPolyelectrolyte coating of PAni membrane will be done by dipping the membrane into an anionic and cationic solution. Anionic solution will be used in this research is PAA while PAH is for cationic solution. To prepare anionic solution, PAA will be dissolve in DI water and 5 M HCl will be used to adjust the pH to 3.5. For cationic solution, PAH also will be dissolve in DI water but to adjust the pH solution to 3.5, 5 M NaOH will be used. Next, PAni membrane will be immerse in PAA solution for 10 min followed by two DI water rinses for 2 and 1 min respectively. The PAni membrane then will be immerse in PAH solution for 10 min followed by two DI water rinses for 2 and 1 min respectively. These completed the first bilayer of polyelectrolyte coating. For the next layer, the steps before will be recurrent again which is starting from immersing in anionic solution and then cationic solution. After finish the process, the membrane need to be wash with amm onia and let it to fully dry before being proceed with photograph (Jinhua Dai et al., 2005 unknown, yr).Characterization of PAni membraneFlow chartStock and reagentsolutions preparationPAni synthesis by chemical polymerizationCharacterization of EB powder by using GPCMembrane production and castingPolyelectrolyte coatingCharacterizationAnalysisGANTT chartMILESTONETable 7.1 MilestoneEXPECTED OUTCOMES/COMMERCIALIZATIONSREFERENCESChapman, P., Loh, X.X., Livingston, A.G., Li, K., Oliveira, T.A.C. (2007). PolyanilineMembranes for The Dehydration of Tetrahydrofuran by Pervaporation. diary of Membrane Science, 309 (2008), pp. 102-111.Loh, X.X., Sairam, M., Bismarck, A., Steinke, J.H.G., Livingston, A.G., Li, K. (2008)Crosslinked Integrally Skinned Asymmetric Polyaniline Membranes for Use in innate Solvents. Journal of Membrane Science, 326 (2009), pp. 635-642.