Ups vs Fedex free essay sample

In 1975, UPS guaranteed bundle conveyance to each address in the United States; FedEx couldn't ensure conveyance in each zone. At the point when deregulation of the local carrier industry and shipping industry happened, the working scene changed, and FedEx turned into the recipient by growing its conveyance armada. The in the nick of time flexibly development empowered FedEx to develop also by making a bigger interest for expedited service. Mechanical advancements, for example, its bundle tracker, helped FedEx in improved client support; UPS had the option to stay up with mechanical developments of its own, for example, its own bundle tracker. UPS’s key to progress was and remains productivity, timing all conveyance courses to traffic signal examples for instance. UPS additionally ventured into Canada and Germany before FedEx. As of late UPS has put vigorously in data innovation, airplane and different offices. Contender Comparison UPS opened up to the world in 1999, beginning direct stock rivalry with FedEx UPSFedEx Offered bundle conveyance administrations to the whole US and more than 200 nations, conveyed more than 13 million bundles and accomplished benefits of $3 billion, and AAA security rating in 1983Operational pioneer came to $1 billion in incomes during 1983 and was ready to claim the market for expedited service Restructured by turning into a forceful organization and growing through acquisitionsNo associations Acquired Miami based transporter with activities in Latin AmericaAchieved $15 billion in resources, total compensation of $830 million on incomes of . We will compose a custom article test on Ups versus Fedex or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page billion of every 2003 Opened Mail Boxes Etc. establishment stores, giving pressing, delivery and mail administration Invested in IT, airplane and offices to help administration advancements, quality and diminish cost Became engaged with all parts of gracefully bind coordinations to offer another support of its clients By 2003, UPS and FedEx were in fundamentally the same as business positions, offering express assistance in the US and abroad. Express Segment: 1999 2003 UPSFedEx Focus on client serviceFocus on client assistance Begun cost war, yet later chose customary cost increasesSettled on standard cost builds Cut expenses through economies of scale, interests in IT and business process reengineeringCut costs through economies of scale, interests in IT and business process reengineering IT: UPS utilizes on DIADs for drivers to examine bundle scanner tags during pickupIT: COSMOS transmits information from bundle developments, client pickups, solicitations and conveyances to focal database in Memphis, TN UPS introduced drop off boxes, 165 drive through and 371 expedited service stores, Saturday pickups to extend administrations and match FedExPurchased ground vehicles worth $200 million to coordinate UPS conveyance armada Offered incorporated coordinations administration to enormous corporate customers with all out stock controlCompeted for huge corporate customers giving incorporated coordinations administration In the global bundle conveyance advertise, UPS surpassed and had more achievement and dollar venture set apart for worldwide development than FedEx. Universal Package-Delivery Market European passage in 1988 with procurement of 10 mainland dispatch administrations Lost evaluated $1 billion in Europe since section in 1984 and in the long run offered European center point to DHL Spent an extra $1 billion out of 1995 to grow it European operationsExpanded courses in Latin America, Caribbean and presented AsiaOne next business day administration among Asia and US in 1995 Begins non-stop trips to China in 2001Establishes Chinese Headquarters in 2003 Contracts with Yangtze River Express for bundle conveyance inside China in 2003 FedEx claimed the biggest outside nearness in China, with practically twofold the measure of every day trips to China than UPS, serving 220 Chinese urban communities with non-stop trips to Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai. FedEx volumes in China developed by over half somewhere in the range of 2003 and 2004. UPS was dynamic in China starting in 1988, and was the principal transporter to offer constant assistance from America. By 2003, UPS had 6 week by week trips to China with direct assistance to Beijing and Shanghai, serving around 200 urban communities with expected development of about 60% on its primary course. UPS likewise anticipated pinnacle season request to surpass limit. Monetary Analysis UPS has all the earmarks of being the better wagered for the long haul since its authentic money related outcomes are better than and progressively predictable when contrasted with FedEx. On the off chance that we consider EVA (Economic Value Added) as the key check for assessing the two firms, UPS is unmistakably the better entertainer. In the multi year time of 1992 through 1993, UPS made $4. 33 billion in combined monetary worth, while FedEx demolished $2. 25 billion. In view of its boss gainfulness and money producing capacities, UPS has better possibilities for financing development through inner and outer sources. Regardless of whether we debilitate the suspicion of previous history as a decent marker for the course of future money related execution and the executives, the information despite everything demonstrates UPS is in a superior budgetary situation for taking on future development. Disintegrating EVA UPS beat FedEx on benefit in the multi year time span with a normal RONA of 13. 78% contrasted with 8. 31% for FedEx. This benefit uniqueness represents the vast majority of the distinctions in their EVA accounts. The multi year normal expense of capital/WACC for each firm was for all intents and purposes the equivalent (11. 97% for UPS, 11. 5% for FedEx); FedEx neglected to create enough RONA to take care of its expense of capital in eleven years of the multi year time frame, while UPS produced positive monetary returns in seven of those y ears. The monetary overall revenue or spread among RONA and WACC for UPS found the middle value of around 1. 8% contrasted with - 3. 14% for FedEx. For the most recent year of the period, 2003, UPS’s spread was 5. 11% and FedEx’s was 1. 10%. Given these measurements, UPS is clearly the better worth maker and progressively beneficial firm. Subsidizing Future Growth (Cash and Debt) UPS is in a superior situation to finance its future development since it produces more money through unrivaled productivity and its greater size NOPAT for UPS in 2003 was at $3. 31 billion versus FedEx at $1. 42 billion. In this manner, UPS can subsidize a bigger level of its development through inside produced reserves. UPS can likewise assume extra obligation at a lower cost than FedEx. The two firms have fundamentally the same as obligation/value proportions yet unique security appraisals, with UPS evaluated higher. Consequently, even with comparable relative obligation levels, UPS can decide to enhance its subsidizing needs with obligation at a lower intrigue cost than FedEx. Starting at 2003, UPS‘s intrigue inclusion proportion is multiple times that of FedEx, so UPS has a greater pad for taking care of extra obligation (which in part clarifies UPS’s higher obligation rating). In rundown, from a money point of view and with regards to each firm’s obligation load, UPS is obviously in a superior budgetary situation to contend than FedEx. Operational Analysis While UPS and FedEx work with comparative strategic approaches and offer practically indistinguishable administrations to their particular clients, UPS is increasingly enhanced both in operational income and worldwide market administration. Essentially all of FedEx’s business is gotten from air-express area in the bundle conveyance; that portion is just 44% of UPS’s incomes. The two organizations contend furiously, regularly duplicating the other’s moves. For example, FedEx has begun to poach customers from UPS by offering volume limits and brilliant conveyance administrations. UPS has countered by coordinating FedEx’s client collaboration by introducing drop boxes and offering Saturday conveyance to rise to FedEx’s conveyance plan. Annualized capital consumptions are practically indistinguishable between the two organizations for the time of 1992 to 2003 was 34. 64% for FedEx and 36. 78% for UPS. The fundamental contrast between the two is the business sectors each organization serves and how they serve it. FedEx uses a self employed entity model, while UPS has unionized representatives. FedEx endeavored to build up its European capacities until 1992, when it offered its tasks to DHL, and now depends on neighborhood accomplices. By correlation, UPS procured various messenger benefits and reported in 1995 it would burn through $1 billion throughout the following five years to proceed with its European development. The accompanying table gives the correlation of overall realities among FedEx and UPS: FedExUPS Main HubMemphis, TennesseeLouisville, Kentucky Packages dealt with per day5. 4 million13. 6 million Air conveyances for each day3. 1 million2 million Administration AreaMore than 220 nations and regions, remembering each address for the United StatesMore than 200 nations and domains; each address in North America and Europe WorkforceMore than 216,500 representatives worldwide360,000 Worldwide Delivery FleetMore than 50,000 mechanized vehicles and 625 aircraft88,000 ground vehicles; 583 airplane. In the ground bundle conveyance business, UPS is roughly multiple times bigger than FedEx, conveying 11 million bundles for every day. In any case, there are signs that FedEx is picking up piece of the pie for ground conveyance. FedEx commands with the world’s biggest air-conveyance administration, conveying half more every day than UPS. The battleground has moved from Europe to China, which is anticipated to turn into the second biggest economy by 2011 and the biggest by 2039. Since China’s trade volume expanded by 101% in 2004, the two organizations have concentrated on the import/send out bundle advertise esteemed at almost $1 billion, rather than the intra-residential market, esteemed at around $800 million. In spite of the fact that it entered the Chinese market after FedEx, UPS is forcefully growing its administrations inside the market. While FedEx flies twice the same number of day by day courses to China than UPS, the new assistance understanding between the US and China will modify the scene; it is dubious how the recently gained courses will be dist

Topics For An Essay

Topics For An EssayThere are many topics for an essay, and it is important to be able to work on these topics if you want to write a good essay. Some topics are more difficult than others, but it is also necessary to work on the easier ones if you want to get your essay writing done.The easiest topics for an essay are ones that do not require much information and do not require much planning. Many college students choose topics like this and are able to write their essays without much trouble. These topics include things like geography, history, and literature. They are not as difficult as the other topics for an essay and are therefore more popular with many college students.There are also popular topics for an essay that require a lot of preparation and planning. These include religion, history, and current events. These topics also do not require a lot of information but are very detailed so that they should be easy to write about.There are also many different types of essay topic s for many people. Some students choose topics that are very difficult, while others choose easier topics. In general, easy topics for an essay are the easiest. These topics are ones that simply ask for information and do not require any research or planning.Some people choose difficult topics for an essay, but make sure that they are the type of topic that you enjoy writing about. If you enjoy doing research and planning, then choose subjects that require a lot of planning and research. If you enjoy writing about events in your life, then choose topics that require some planning. There are many different ways to go about choosing topics for an essay.Topics for an essay are usually written in a specific order. This order should correspond to how the person will write the essay. For example, if you are writing an essay about animals, you should write the essay from the perspective of an animal.There are various ways that topics for an essay can be written, and they depend on the pers on writing them. In general, you write a lot of material in order to cover all of the topics in an essay. This is one of the most common ways to write an essay, and it is an important way to learn how to write a good essay.When writing an essay, an important thing to consider is how a topic can be used as a great way to get across information to others. In fact, it is a great way to present information to others. It is important to consider the different types of topics for an essay when you are trying to write a good essay. The types of topics that you use will depend on the type of essay that you are writing.

Life of Robert Hooke Essay -- Biography

A cell is the littlest unit of life that is delegated a living thing. The revelation of cells inevitably prompted the disclosure of microorganisms, for example, microbes and infections, the innovation of anti-infection agents to help battle ailment, and eventually established the reason for what individuals know as medication (â€Å"Hierarchy,† 2011). Robert Hooke, the man who experienced smallpox at a youthful age and was not expected to live in excess of a couple of years, after the fact grew up to go to the esteemed University of Oxford where he concentrated nearby popular researchers. Hooke made a few significant revelations in the fields of science and medication, including the innovation of the magnifying lens and the disclosure of cells. Because of Hooke’s disclosures, specialists today can see how the body takes a shot at the littlest scale so as to treat illnesses all the more productively. Since the time he was a youngster, Hooke constantly figured out how to surpass everyone’s desires. Hooke was conceived on July 18, 1635, on the western finish of Isle of Wright in England. In the article â€Å"Robert Hooke Biography,† Hooke was depicted as â€Å"a wiped out kid who was blasted with smallpox at an early age and was not expected to endure in excess of a couple years† (2011). Because of his unforeseen weakness, Hooke was permitted to invest his free energy examining things that intrigued him like science and mechanics. Since he had to remain inside for the greater part of his youth because of sickness, Hooke found a wellspring of delight in dismantling and reassembling mechanical gadgets. Hooke had the capacity to reproduce mechanical toys on his own like working tickers and toy ships with completely working small scale weapons (Farrell, 2006). Hooke had an enthusiasm for mechanics as well as had a lot of ability here also. His... ...pot, the widespread joint which is as yet utilized in vehicles today, and the equalization spring which is a fundamental segment in the watches we wear (2009). The vast majority of Hooke’s significant creations are still near and utilized in consistently life. By 1665 Hooke was designated teacher of geometry at Gresham College. The standard approach at Gresham was to never wed, so Hooke stayed single and lived in his Gresham condo for an amazing remainder. Hooke’s mental and physical wellbeing started to decrease quickly with the demise of his niece, Grace, whom he lived with and was exceptionally enamored with. After Grace passed, Hooke started to disengage himself and started composing harshly (Farrell, 2006). Hooke at last died on March 3, 1703. Hooke’s creation of the magnifying instrument and the revelation of cells at last set out the essential structure obstructs for additional disclosures in medication and the investigation of ailment.

Essay on Violence in Our Schools - 671 Words

Violence in Our Schools Most Americans dont understand the extent of violence in our school system today or simply dont understand how to address the issue. All we can seem to do is talk how bad the situation has gotten. Politicians and members of the press want to debate this issue to their benefit of gaining societies approval. Violence in schools has spread widely throughout the nation and has caused many problems among students, families, faculty of schools, and residents of the areas.These issues will be discussed and I will produce what could or should be done to correct these problems. These dilemmas have been addressed but seem to be an ongoing struggle that can never be overcome. Almost three-fourths of the†¦show more content†¦Even if all the schools do put in metal detectors at the front entrances of schools, their are many other ways kids can sneak in weapons. A possible answer to this would be to increase the consequences of being caught. This was done efficiently by congress maki ng it a felony to bring a gun within one-thousand feet of any school under the Gun-Free School Zones provision of the 1990 crime prevention. We can also put a large amount of the blame on our parents for violence. When parents buy a gun and dont properly lock it out of reach, their kid could get a hold of it and bring it to school and already your in trouble. This is why parents should always lock away their weapons and not just stick it in a draw or on the top shelf of a closet. They must also integrate to their children the repercussions of shooting a fire arm at someone and allow them to shoot it themselves. This will educate kids and show them actual damage that guns can and will cause if used inproperly. Experts have also said that most violent conflicts among school-age children can be traced back to long-simmering disputes(Apfel 21). Some students may not have the proper up bringing to allow themselves to forgive and forget. If the schools can address an argument before it is allowed to escalate, it could greatly reduce the building of anger in young students and possibly prevent them from further thoughts of revenge. ThisShow MoreRelatedViolence in Our Schools1176 Words   |  5 PagesCan Violence in Our School Be Reduced The problem we are facing today with violence in our schools is a major concern with communities all over the world. School violence wears many faces. It can be gang activity, locker thefts, bully and intimidation, gun use, or anything that products a victim. Violence is perpetrated against students, teachers, and staff and ranges from intentional vengeance to accidental killings and bystanders. Can violence in our schools be reduced? If so what do weRead More Violence in Our Schools Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pages Violence in our Schools Children today are growing up in an increasingly violent atmosphere, both in society in general and in their schools. While there is no easy answer as to how to end this violence once and for all, we can look at some of the causes and take steps to contain that which we can. The main contributing factor in all recent school shootings has been the shooters’ feelings that they were bullied by and alienated from the rest of the children and were made to feel that they wereRead More Media Violence is Not the Problem - The Problem is in Our Homes, our Schools, and our Communities3259 Words   |  14 Pagesmovie, registering for the draft or to vote, buying guns, killing classmates†¦ Indeed, the dramatic increase in school shootings during the 1990s, in conjunction with the technology boom, drew much attention to mass media violence. Does media violence perpetuate aggressive behavior in its viewers? If so, to what extent? Do viewers retain models of behavior from their exposur e to media violence? Do these models resurface later on during their coming of age? These are hard questions that may not have definiteRead MoreWhy School Violence Have Such Of An Effect On Our Society Today?1142 Words   |  5 PagesSpeech 131- T/TH 7:30 am Section 33282 Courtney Mathis ID # 2899247 Why does school violence have such of an effect on our society today? School violence is the intentional use of physical force or power, group or community, with the behavior likely to cause physical or psychological harm. Most school violence start from differences between teenagers. Like for instance about some weeks ago this girl named Amy Joyner died over this boy. The girls that jumped her was mad that she was datingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Public Health Policy Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesViolence compromises physical health and threatens the safety of our communities (Public health policy paper). In our nation violence continues to cause premature death, disability and injury yet there are insufficient efforts to prevent it (Public health policy paper). Currently, our interventions to prevent violence occur after a violent crime has occurred. The focus is to incarcerate individuals who have committed a violent crime (public health policy paper). We are failin g to fix the infrastructureRead MoreViolence and Education; School Safety937 Words   |  4 PagesViolence and Education: School Safety The most recent shooting at the elementary school located in Newtown, Connecticut have shifted our focus on the question of whether or not we are doing enough to protect our students in our schools across the nation. Every morning, parents send their children to school every morning trusting that they will be returning home the same day, but as we all know that isnt always the case for some. The tragedies that have taken place show that we need to pay moreRead MoreThe Violence Of South African Schools Perpetrated On Teachers By Learners Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdictionary â€Å"violence is the use of physical force, usually intended to cause injury or disctruction. I strongly agree on this definition and to further more explain the definition, I will use King Shaka Zulu when he used violence in order to gain power or kingdom. We as African used violence to fight over white domination in our country that means violence in African people is running deep on their /our veins. Vio lence happens in many places but in this essay I will look at violence in South AfricanRead More Essay on Gender and School Violence1060 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent acts of violence by children have prompted us as a nation to look at the causes and possible solutions to this crisis in our schools. In fact, according to Public Agenda, a national organization that conducts public opinion research on educational issues, school safety was identified as the most important issue affecting schools by those surveyed (Johnson Immerwahr, 1994/1995). Yet school violence does not exist in a vacuum. It is directly related to the violence in our society. And forRead MoreIncreasing Violence in Youth Culture Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesIncreasing Violence in Youth Culture In Bradbury’s dystopian classic, Fahrenheit 451, Clarisse says â€Å" ‘I’m afraid of children my own age. They kill each other’ † (Bradbury 27). Bradbury claims through Fahrenheit 451 that our society is becoming increasingly violent in youth’s culture. Furthermore, common sense seems to dictate that as technology advances violence, increases as well. Although schools are considered to be the safest places for children, media, behavioral problems, and influences insideRead More School Violence Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesViolence in our schools is an issue that has become more prominent in the last few years. News articles about violent deeds within the school setting are on the increase. Our society demands that schools are safe for our children. In order to maintain a peaceful environment for all, we must address and inform our schools, children, and parents as well as the neighboring communities about the issue of school violence. As D avid W. Johnson, the author of Reducing School Violence states, â€Å"To eliminate

Hip Hop A Negative Phenomenon - 1617 Words

The instant response to this question is often that the commercialization of hip is a negative phenomenon. Many hip hop fans seem to hold this opinion because they believe that the quality of music from today’s rappers has drastically decreased. However, the difficulty arises in determining whether the ‘commercialization’ of hip hop should be considered a positive or negative phenomenon. There are strong advocates for both of these judgements with convincing points to support their beliefs. The history of hip hop is important to understand in order to determine the ways in which hip hop has ‘commercialized’. Firstly, Hip hop originated in Bronx, New York in the 1970s. Hip hop has been heavily influenced by the American Black culture. The elements of hip hop include MCing, rapping, graffiti art, break dancing, and scratching (â€Å"History of Hip Hop†). The block parities hosted by DJ Kool Herc made significant contribution to the beginning of the hip hop culture. Many new DJs, MCs, rappers, break dancers would attend these parties to show off their talent. These gatherings brought new and styles of music and dancing which marked the beginning of the hip hop culture. This new form of music caught on and by the late 1970s, many block parities were being hosted in New York. Other DJs like Afrika Bambataa and Grandmaster Flash are also considered the pioneers of hip hop (Mize, 2014). After the hip hop culture grew out of the underground and become more known, it drew the interestShow MoreRelated90s Hip Hop and Rap1320 Words   |  6 PagesRap and hip-hop first started to come together in the 1970 s, but didn t really materialize and become popular until the 1990 s. With a huge surge in popularity and growth in the 1990 s, it seemed that rap and hip-hop had started a cultural phenomenon that still has noticeable effects easily seen today in music and also in pop culture. A cultural phenomenon is an idea, trend, or movement that shapes and defines that time period. During the 1990 s, rap and hip-hop spread like wild fire acrossRead MoreHip Hop And Its Effects945 Words   |  4 Pages Hip Hop Global Attractions Hip Hop in the most popular genre of music between all African American communities, not just in America, but worldwide. Hip Hop has expanded itself into music, fashion, advertisement, movies, and it’s given many rappers, and those associated with the genre, the chance to influence their communities, societies and their culture in general, but commercial Hip Hop in the U.S. has branded Hip Hop in a negative way. (The Young and The Hip-Hop, Hip Hop Culture Center inRead More Music - The Hip-hop Movement Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hip-hop Movement Hip-hop has become a new cultural phenomenon in North America and has become quite popular all over the world. Hip-hop began in the 1970s in New York City where it has its origins in the African-American community. However, because of music videos, Hip-hop culture has become accessible to everyone in society and has merged into mainstream pop culture. Hip-hop culture may not have been as popular if it was not for the accessibility of this new media. The Hip-hop movementRead MoreThe Hip Hop Generation And Its Impact On Society1371 Words   |  6 PagesDominiquie Gray English- 102 Argumentative Essay 6 December 2015 The Hip Hop Generation and its Impact on Society. Throughout history, Hip Hop has manifest into more than a simple form of life, but as a powerful cultural movement. Hip Hop plays a major part in African American culture, dialogue, fashion, and self expression. Today, Hip Hop has a joined people of many nationalities, races, and ethnicities as a society. The Hip Hop Generation has begun to redefine African American cultural normsRead MoreHip-Hop Culture Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages Hip-hop culture began to develop in the south Bronx area of New York City during the 1970s. It had a significant influence in the music industry. Hip-hop music generally includes rapping, but other elements such as sampling and beatboxing also play important roles. Rapping, as a key part in the hip-hop music, takes different forms, which including signifying, dozen, toast and jazz poetry. Initially, hip-hop music was a voice of people living in low-income areas, reflecting social, economic and politicalRead More Music Essay - America Needs Rap an d Hip Hop1366 Words   |  6 PagesRap and Hip Hop Ever since it became popular in the late eighties, hip-hop music has been a target of moral disapproval. Many critics have labeled the music as an offensive, vulgar, misogynist form of expression, which negatively influences its listeners, particularly children. Early in rap musics development concerned citizens and various government officials held protests against the release of certain rap albums. Rap musics opponents demanded strict censorship. But hip-hop was increasinglyRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hip Hop is basically a cultural movement that originated in the Suburbs of cities. It was began to evolve in 1970 and in particular by the Americans who of African descent (American Africans) . Rap is a type of singing. It combines the performance of different rap utter words without committing to a particular tune, and rhythm. Rap began in Kingston, Jamaica City at the end of the sixties as a kind new musical was derived from dancehall. It ha s spread in the United States at the beginning ofRead More A Violent Message in the Art of Popular Culture Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pages Why do the baby boomers regale this era of popular culture an era of madness? The answer is blatantly clear. Popular culture accepts the flaws of all its admirers and participants. For example, music in popular culture is generally deemed as negative. However, a positive consequence is that it has an international language and everyone around the world can relate to what it communicates. Art in popular culture encompasses a common language, especially the art of music. This language rejectsRead MoreA Response to â€Å"Hip Hop: a Roadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment†1110 Words   |  5 PagesLancaster ENGL- 1301 18 September, 2012 A Response to â€Å"Hip Hop: A Roadblock or pathway to Black Empowerment† Geoffrey Bennett’s article Hip Hop: A Roadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment illustrates the influence hip hop and rap music has had on not only the music industry but mainstream culture, African Americans to be specific. Geoffrey Bennett, a senior English Major from Voorhees, New Jersey goes over many aspects of how hip hop came to be â€Å"the forefront of American attention.† He startsRead More hip hop Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever heard someone say, quot;I hate all music.quot;? Lately though music has been criticized for corrupting teens minds. Hip Hop is being blamed for all the crimes and murders in cities all over America and heavy metal is being blamed for giving teens only dark images and thoughts in their minds. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;First we must ask what Hip Hop is to us or to others, who simply don’t know or may never feel our movement in society. This form of poetry and story telling has took

Puerto Rican Culture Puerto Rico - 1564 Words

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico is one of the twenty-eight Caribbean island nations and is slightly smaller than the state of Connecticut. Its climate is tropical, rainy, and warm. The population of the island is 3,994,259 and its capital is San Juan (Atienza, Cardona). According to the 2008 U.S. Census, America is home to over 4 million Puerto Ricans, 25 percent of them living in New York with an estimated 900,000 living in New York City (Kittler, Sucher, Nelms 263). Since there is such a large amount of Puerto Ricans living within New York, their food and culture have made an impact on the cuisine of these highly populous cities. There are many restaurants in New York City along with other major cities that include traditional Puerto Rican foods which will be discussed throughout the paper. Puerto Rican culture is extremely interesting and worth reading about! Puerto Rican cuisine includes a decently wide array of options including different animals, crops, beverages, and plants. There are no well-known inedible foods in Puerto Rico. The animals most commonly eaten in Puerto Rico include chicken, pork sausage, turkey, beef, pork chops, spare ribs, and marinated pork. The animals most common to Puerto Rico are chickens, cattle, pigs, horses, goats, sheep, mules, and asses (Magaly). Fish is also eaten, but in smaller quantities than other meats (Syracuse). Daily diets of Puerto Ricans usually include rice, beans, starchy vegetables, sofrito, and bacalao (Kittler, Sucher, NelmsShow MoreRelated The United States Effect on Puerto Rican Music Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States Effect on Puerto Rican Music The United States played an important role in the evolution of Puerto Rican culture, more specifically music. While Puerto Rican culture remains distinct from that of American culture, its historical progression is forever tied with that of the United States. This is evident in the evolution of Puerto Rican music. It is also evident in the experience of Puerto Rican musicians both on the islandRead More Coca Cola and Coco Frio1731 Words   |  7 Pages Every day , Puerto Rico is slowly adapting into the American way of life and is gradually losing what is left of their culture. Perhaps this is because Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States. The poem â€Å" Coca Cola and Coco Frio† by Martin Espada is a great example of someone who encounters the Americanized culture of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is struggling to preserve their own identity. On July 25, 1898 United States troops invaded Puerto Rico during the Spanish AmericanRead MoreThe Beaufy of Puerto Rico Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Puerto Rico and its importance to the spanish language. It is located in the Caribbean sea, southeast of Florida. It is home to many US citizens in its beautiful tropic landscape. In this paper I will explain the important aspects of the Puerto Rican government, the people, and the lovely food. GOVERNMENT The capital of Puerto Rico is San Juan. Puerto Rico is a United States Territory under commonwealth status. Some of the major differences between the 50 states of the US and Puerto RicoRead MorePuerto Rico : A Land Of Paradise1590 Words   |  7 Pages The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a land of paradise in the Caribbean island 1,000 miles away from Miami. Puerto Rico is currently a possession of the United States. Puerto Rico is a tropical mountainous island. Because of the tropical environment there is little to no difference among seasons. Being near the equator Puerto Rico received throughout the year high energy from the sun. This tropical climate makes Puerto Rico a first choice in tourism and because of it Spanish influence it makesRead MoreCross Cultural Project : Puerto Rican924 Words   |  4 Pages9-30-15 Puerto Rican is the populations and residents of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is a multi-ethnic state where home is different ethnic to people and nationwide backgrounds, but the result of some Puerto Ricans does not luxury their population as an ethnicity, but as a nationality with numerous civilizations and nationwide backgrounds including the Puerto Rican people. Puerto Rican is and notwithstanding its multi-ethnic structure of the culture apprehended in a joined by the greatest Puerto RicansRead MoreThe Issue Of Puerto Rico1542 Words   |  7 PagesPuerto Rico is a territory of the United States since 1898 and in order to change that status citizens of the territory must vote in a plebiscite, a special referendum. The three options available to choose from were to become a state, to remain a territory, or to become an independent nation (Martin). In the November 6, 2012 plebiscite held in Puerto Rico, 54% of the population said that do not like the current commonwealth status of the island (Alexandrino). The next question offered to the populationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Coca Cola And Coco Frio By Martin Espada1569 Words   |  7 PagesDisappearing Culture Every single individual on this planet has their own distinctive identity and culture. Our culture helps us identify who we are and where we come from. In today’s world, it appears that cultural diffusion has become a normal part of everyone’s life as cultural trends, beliefs and customs spread quickly from one culture to another. In his poem, â€Å"Coca-Cola and Coco Frio,† Martin Espada provides his readers with a great example of cultural diffusion that a boy encounters when heRead MoreEssay on Puerto Rico Independence?1518 Words   |  7 Pages To argue on Puerto Rican Independence, Commonwealth, or Statehood, we must first learn of the history of Puerto Rico. Growing up I was very ignorant about Puerto Rico. It wasn’t till I was in the Navy and got stationed in Puerto Rico did I really find out the small Caribbean island. Although Puerto Rico has an extensive history, I will only give a brief synopsis of it: In November 1493 Christopher Columbus di scovered the island of Puerto Rico for the country of Spain. It remained a colonizationRead MoreThe World Of Puerto Rico Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pages Boriqua! is a commonly used term among the people of Puerto Rico when referring to themselves or their country. Puerto Rico, formerly known as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a U.S. Territory. It is a small island, only 100 miles long and 35 miles wide, located in the Caribbean Ocean. It is about 1,000 miles off the tip of Florida in between the Dominican Republic and the Virgin Islands. The climate is tropical and mild with little variation in the seasonal temperature. The country is composedRead More Puerto Rican Music as Representation of Their History and Culture1423 Words   |  6 PagesPuerto Rican Music as Representation of Their History and Culture Puerto Rican music is an evolving art form that expresses Puerto Rican culture and identity. The development of Puerto Rican music is also a reflection of their history, both being complicated by several layers. Social, political, and economic conditions are all related to the musical expressions of Puerto Ricans (Glasser, 8). Puerto Rican migration to the United States and the culture clash experienced by migrants is another

Education Cost on Australian Economy-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Reforms in Australian Education Industry. Answer: The Australian Education Industry is a major contributor of GDP due to its foreign earnings from international students. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the higher education sector of Australia has contributed around $21 billion in 2016. However, in the recent years, the policy reforms made by the Australian Government in the higher education sector have created a chaos in the public. Baker (2017) in his article has reviewed the pre-budget announcement of the economic policy reforms made by the Australian Government in the education sector. On the basis of the article, it can be seen that the Government is planning to cut $1.2 billion from the higher education budget that will directly impact the education price in the economy. Additionally, the government has planned to cut the HECS threshold by more than $10000 (Baker, 2017). As per the new Federal Budget the higher education fees will increase by around 7.5 percent. By observing the article, it can be clearly seen that the current reforms in the education industry will adversely impact the student studying higher courses in Australia. The increment of the fees structure and shortening of the loan repayment period will put pressure over the students. Hence, the issue caused by the economic reform in the Australian Education sector has been discussed in details in the paper. According to Baker (2017), the higher education packages will apply to a 2.5 percent efficiency dividend for the universities. Additionally, the shorter period of time provided to the students to repay their loans will create severe pressure over the students. Baxley (2017) said that the higher education fees will increase by around $2000 to $3600 per year, which will create a major pressure of the student. Furthermore, the cut-off of the HECS loan amount from $55,874 to $42,000 will further create problem for the students. Jill Molloy (National Union of Students Welfare Officer) said that the students felt screwed over due to the latest decision taken by the Australian Government (Baker, 2017). She also said that the Universities have to cut their price and costs in order to meet the crisis situation (Baker, 2017). However, the cut in the budget will impact the quality of the services rendered by the Universities. For instance, students have to face larger class sizes, less support in the libraries and fewer support services due to cut-down of number of staffs. According to the reports, the education industry in Australian can be identified as one of the leading contributors to the real Gross Domestic Product. Moreover, the international students contribute significant revenue by pursuing higher education in Australia (Gamage, 2015). In terms of current reforms in higher education system, price hike of degree courses may lead to a fall in demand as far as higher education is concerned. Due to increased fees and $1.2 billion fund reduction from universities, a number of things can change in the higher education sector in Australia over the next five years (Baker, 2017). In terms of economic point of view, the theory of demand and supply can be taken into account to understand the economic impact. In the meanwhile, the increased university fees in the higher education can create an adverse effect on the quantity demanded i.e. the numbers of students seeking higher education in Australia will reduce (Turpin, 2016). In the new Federal Budget, Australian government reduced the government spending on higher education by increasing the university fees. Hence, the excess burden of fees can also impact the overall revenue earned from the education industry in Australia (Taylor, Stonebarger and Leven, 2015). In the underlying figure 1, the impact of same has been stated as follows: Figure 1: Effect of rise in higher education cost on Australian Economy Source: (Mauch and Sabloff, 2015) Clearly, the diagram presented above clarifies how price hike in the higher education system can create a negative effect on the Australian economy as the demand declines. Due to decline in demand, the economy will surely observe a loss of revenue from the education sector. According to the figure 1, as the cost of higher education is shifted from P2 to P1, the required quantity has been cut down from Qe to Q1 recording a fall of demand (Mauch and Sabloff, 2015). Notably, being a necessity, education service has shown inelastic demand. Evidently, the fall in demand in the education can contribute towards the loss of revenue (Gamage, 2012). Besides, the fall in revenue of the industry, unemployment factor must be elaborated related to the subject. Under the higher education reform structure, the Australian government announced to reduce education and university funds by $1.2 billion. Due to such stance, the spending structure of universities will be altered. For example, due to the shortage of funds, universities will force to shut down many of the research projects that run under the government funding. Also, the staffs of the universities may come under the fire as a significant number of jobs will be terminated due to lack of funds. Meanwhile, the cut down in funds will increase unemployment in the education sector as well (Bach, 2010). In order to tackle the scenario, the Australian government must take the correct steps so that the revenue from the education industry can remain intact. Precisely, international students must be offered attractive education loans so that overseas students will not move to other countries for higher education (Coombe, 2015). For domestic students, the payback threshold structure for education loan must be reviewed under the current circumstances as higher fees of universities will increase borrowings. In this way, the issue can be resolved in the near future. By considering the above analysis and article written by Baker (2017), it can be seen that the reforms introduced by the Australian Government will negatively impact the teaching system of the nation and the ability of the students to acquire higher degree. Furthermore, the increment in the higher education fee will force the students to contribute more to the GDP. However, the fall in the demand for international education in Australia will negatively impact the education as well as other related sectors of Australia. Hence, the Government must review the reforms and introduce necessary measures to mitigate the issue in the Australian education system. References Bach, G. (2010).Economis. 7th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Baker, E. (2017).University students and staff protest $1.2bn in cuts slated by federal government. [online] Canberra Times. Available at: https://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/university-students-and-staff-protest-government-higher-education-reform-20170808-gxrr39.html [Accessed Aug. 2017]. Bexley, E. (2017). Higher education reform: small changes for now but big ones to come. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/higher-education-reform-small-changes-for-now-but-big-ones-to-come-76978 [Accessed Aug. 2017]. Coombe, L. (2015). Australian higher education reforms unification or diversification?.Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 37(2), pp.125-143. Gamage, D. (2012). Recent reforms in Australian higher education with particular reference to institutional amalgamations.Higher Education, 24(1), pp.77-92. Gamage, D. (2015). Recent Reforms, Current Issues and Policy Directions in the Australian and Japanese University Systems.World Studies in Education, 3(2), pp.119-136. Mauch, J. and Sabloff, P. (2015).Reform and change in higher education. 7th ed. New York: Garland Pub. Taylor, T., Stonebarger, T. and Leven, J. (2015). Economics. 4th ed. Chantilly, VA: Teaching Co. Turpin, T. (2016). Academic research evaluation in Australia: some implications of proposed higher education reforms.Research Evaluation, 9(1), pp.37-46.

Scramble for Africa

Sir Isaac Newton1 essays

Sir Isaac Newton1 essays On Christmas day by the georgian calender in the manor house of Woolsthorpe, England, Issaac Newton was born prematurely. His father had died 3 months before. Newton had a difficult childhood. His mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton remarried when he was just three, and he was sent to live with his grandparents. After his stepfathers death, the second father who died, when Isaac was 11, Newtons mother brought him back home to Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire where he was educated at Kings School, Newton came from a family of farmers and he was expected to continue the farming tradition , well thats what his mother thought anyway, until an uncle recognized how smart he was. Newton's mother removed him from grammar school in Grantham where he had shown little promise in academics. Newtons report cards describe him as 'idle' and 'inattentive'. So his uncle decided that he should be prepared for the university, and he entered his uncle's old College, Trinity College, Cambridge, in June 1661. Newton had to earn his keep waiting on wealthy students because he was poor. Newton's At Cambridge, Isaac Barrow who held the Lucasian chair of Mathematics took Isaac under his wing and encouraged him. Newton got his undergraduate degree without accomplishing much and would have gone on to get his masters but the Great Plague broke out in London and the students were sent home. This was a truely productive time for Newton. He conducted experiments on sunlight and prisms. He discovered that sunlight was made up of different colors. This lead to his work on reflecting telescopes. At the same time he was working out his ideas of planetary He returned to Cambridge in 1667 and became the a fellow, earned his MA and the following year became the chair of the math department. he then ...

Watching television Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Watching television - Research Paper Example This paper draws a research strategy in identifying the impact of television on children and adolescents in the age group of 3 and 20. Out of the 100 parents, 80 participants responded. Findings indicated 60% (n=48) of responses were from parents of boys and the rest, 40% (n=32) were from parents of girls. Most of these children were between 5 and 15, and a few were between 15 and 20 years. Fifty percent (n=40) of these children spent more than 2 hours watching TV, 40% (n=32) watched for an hour, and the rest (n=8) watched television for more than 4 hours a day. When asked what they usually watched on television, 62% (n=50) of the parents reported that their kids watched cartoon programs, 26% (n=21) said their kids watched news and movies and the rest 11% (n=9) said their kids watched sports. Influence of advertisements on children was measured by understanding how often children sought to buy products seen on television. On this, 61% (n=49) of parents reported their children seeking the products. Twenty one percent (n=20) parents reported of such issues cropping up sometimes, and only 14% (n=11) reported that their children very rarely sought for such products, and were not adamant. The immediate reaction or impact of watching television revealed that only 20% (n=16) parents noticed that their children felt relaxed after watching their favorite program. Maximum parents, 45% (n=36) reported violent or restless behavior from their children. Thirty percent (n=24) of parents reported that their children continued to watch, and about 5% (n=4) of parents did not find any reaction. Findings of this survey indicated interesting and distinct results. For instance, though the number of children watching television for more than 4 hours a day was relatively less, substantial numbers of children reported to watching cartoon programs. Moreover, more than half of

Q7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Q7 - Essay Example We can not say with certainty that the specific programming environment is best for particular use. Here we have variety of programming environments that are functional and efficient in diverse domains. Their working power is linked to the area of the system development. So the choice of a best programming environment is possible to a definite aspect of system development and application development. Each programming environment is tied to specific domain of system development, like that web, desktop, scientific, real-time, etc. applications. There is no such excellent programming environment exist for the development of the all kinds and type of the applications (Bishop-Clark et al. 2006). Integrated Development Environment or IDE software is fundamentally software or programs to develop/build other programs or applications. They are usually software editing location by means of advance tools to aid the developers and programmers to write and develop the code speedily as well as proficiently. For instance PHP is an IDE system that is capable to build PHP driven website applications by means of a blend of PHPEclipse and Eclipse (Des Rivià ¨res & Wiegand, 2004). Here main advantage we have is regarding the less time and effort for the software development and execution. These applications of Integrated Development Environment systems typically proffer assortment of facilities and attributes for the effectual execution as well as coding (development) of the applications. These features facilitate the coders, programmers, and developers to take the advantages regarding the less time and effort for the software development. The intact design with an Integrated Development Environment can be built or developed quickly as well as easily. Its features and tools are believed to ease the management stop happening mistakes, resources as well as offer shortcuts (Des Rivià ¨res & Wiegand, 2004). The

Television shows Essay Example for Free

Television shows Essay For the present society, television shows are almost considered as a part of the lifestyle and culture of the modern people. Almost every individual in the society have their own favorite television program which they patronize which varies basically due to the factor of preference, time availability, morality and others. Each television program in the modern broadcast industry as their own theme and cultural nature that the show creatively explores to entice the interest and enthusiasm of the public. For the broadcast networks, having a rated television program which the general public patronize is a good investment as this can promote their main line of revenue namely paid advertisement. By critically analyzing the television program in the present broadcast industry, one can actually see that majority of these programs tackle current social issues and trends however, these are presented in a different view. Usually, television programs offer a symbolical perspective on the subject making it more interesting and captivating to the audience as its offers a somewhat imaginative scenario where the public can relate with. A good example of this program nature is the primetime hit television show entitled â€Å"Lost†. The television program entitled â€Å"Lost† was actually written and designed to produce an imaginative scenario of surviving a plane crash and being stranded on a mysterious island that has an unknown location. While in isolation, the survivors must struggle against the environment for their survival, against themselves for personal development and against the mysterious inhabitants as their search for a way to communicate with the world. By critical observation, one can learn that the main objective of the show is to show a different view towards dominant social issues such as unity, cooperation, system of leadership and others through the eyes of the small community of the survivors. In this show, the large global community with cultural diversity and other issues has been minimized through the contingent of the survivors as they establish a mutual relationship between each of them and their temporary home. In this show, there are several examples of reality warp or presentation of mystery. For example, the presence of a polar bear in a tropical island, uncharted location of the island, and the presence of laboratory hatches in an isolated place produce certain mysterious characteristic to the program. As the story develops, other mysteries are also explored such as the reason for the plane crash and the nature of the island and its native inhabitants. Much of the story is presented through the use of symbols. General concepts and ideas in the show are mainly represented through certain materials and items that are explicitly used in the program’s story. Foe example, the item of guns and other armaments represent power in the issues of struggle between the plane crash survivors and the inhabitants of the mysterious island. Another is the item of wireless intercom or â€Å"walkie talkie† presents the idea of difference between the two struggling factions making the inhabitants more sophisticated and better organized than the survivors as they have a mean for communication. All throughout the program’s story, each episode is centralized on a certain character wherein several flashbacks in his or her life will be presented to explain his or her present ideology or philosophy while in the island. Through this approach, viewers will better understand the story characters and their personal reason as to why he or she did his or her decision. Regarding the program advertisements, by analyzing the selection of products and/or services that are commercialize during the program’s timeslot, once can actually argue that the show is intended for general viewing mainly on the adult bracket making them the main marketing target for this program’s advertisement. Some specific commercials are cars, dress or fashion accessories, children’s apparel, technological gadgets and household products which are generally products for economically-capable adults. In general, the television program entitled â€Å"Lost† is a show that offers an alternative scenario in a creatively enhanced reality. Surviving plane crash and being stranded on a mysterious island is indeed a captivating storyline for the adult society who are basically looking for some thrills and adventures in the routinary life. Through this program, viewers are offered an interesting experience to witness how to survive in an island, establish harmonious and cooperative relationship in a group and struggle against forces that are more advance and familiar with the environment while struggling to be rescued and competing against oneself for personal development.

Essay --

Introduction As my utility group has chosen Royal Dutch Shell Public Limited Company, which is one of the world’s six major owned oil and gas public organizations, for discussing its win-win strategy and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy, an online game, CEO2, will take part in this report in order to build the best win-win strategy for the chosen company such as reducing carbon dioxide emission while raising the long term profitability. The biggest challenge in this industry is meeting consumer demand with acceptable ecological impacts and producing electricity at competitive prices. Moreover, Shell oil spill in 2011 has listed as the worst spill in the United Kingdom waters in the past decade. (Harvey, 2011) and caused stakeholders suspected its CSR strategy. Therefore, this report will analyze the win-win strategy by using the game result and address the company’s CSR issues in relation to its CSR strategy. CEO2 Game & Win-Win strategy The CEO2 game’s outcome is based on two rounds, we selected the best three options based on the options provided in round one. Firstly, â€Å"install new off-shore wind farms† with decreasing 20 percent CO2 emission, which adding up to 20 percent generation capacity and off-shore wind farms is better than the traditional on-shore wind farms due to more space available, higher wind speed and lesser complaints by the neighbors such as noise issue. Secondly, â€Å"Cooperate with a grid operator† which uses to equip every private and industry customer with a smart meter. For example, smart meters would help consumers better manage their energy use and reduce their energy bill. Thirdly, â€Å"retrofit existing plants† which allowed improving efficiency at all existing power plants by on average 4 perce... ... risk.†(ADN news, 2011) However, Shell only informed the public that the organization had taken the incident seriously with indicating regret and care, but not its emergency measure. Conclusion In conclusion, Shell’s CSR strategy is lack of equilibrium between environmental and economic performances which led to lose the trust of the public, therefore, Shell’s CSR needs to improve. For example, media and NGOs as watch dog and integrators to rebuild the trust with the public to ensure the company activities are environmentally, socially responsible and economically. Moreover, the organization could also increase its investment in technologies such as using cameras to control the oil transportation process in order to ensure the incident will not happen again. Overall, the company may add a win-win strategy to its CSR strategy to improve its current CSR performance.

Charlie Fish

The wife did nothing. I would say that he is the protagonist in the story, because he is doing nothing wrong, the only thing he does is to think evil thoughts. The protagonist is usually the â€Å"good† guy in the story and the main character. I wouldn't say he is good, because he have intentions to kill his wife, but in the end it ‘s her who is the antagonist and let him die. D: Typical for the crime genre is that there often is a crime or someone who breaks the law.For example the woman in the story is breaking the law by not helping her husband, and as it says on the last line â€Å"l fall to the floor. My wife Just sits there, watching. † The main character is often a police officer(the good guy) or a criminal(the bad gay), in our story you could say the main character is both. He's a bad guy inside, but â€Å"behave† on the outside. The tension also plays a major role and there is also often plot twist in the crime genre.In the story we as readers had an idea that he non will kill his wife, but in the end it is her who kills him, it's called a plot twist and the tension is built up. I think It's a good story, because the excitement Is built up and It does not end as expected. The author manages to build something up, although the story Is so short. Charlie Fish By Cannonaded â€Å"Death by Scrabble† by Charlie Fish is a story a husband and his wife. It's the hottest angry at his wife, so angry that he would beat his wife to death.He is Just waiting for he right time. The words they put down on the board, begins to happen in reality. When he puts the word â€Å"QUAKE† down, and she thereafter put â€Å"DEATH†, it all starts to shake and the man gets a piece stuck in his throat, which he had hidden in his intentions to kill his wife, but in the end it's her who is the antagonist and let him I think it's a good story, because the excitement is built up and it does not end as expected. The author manages to build something up, although the story is so short.

Reforms on voluntary manslaughter law as a result of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1614 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? In this essay I will be discussing and also identifying the extent to which the coroners and justice act 2009 [1]reformed the law of voluntary manslaughter and the extent to which it succeeded in its aims. Voluntary manslaughter is less serious than murder, voluntary manslaughter is when the defendant has killed the victim with malice aforethought, malice aforethought defined by Coke [1612] is when one compassth to kill, wound or beat another and doth it fedato animo. The defendant has committed murder but they have a partial defence, this reduces the sentence from murder to voluntary manslaughter this means that the defendant will not be sentenced to life imprisonment which is the mandatory sentence for murder. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reforms on voluntary manslaughter law as a result of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009" essay for you Create order There are three defences that can be used by the defendant in court. The defence of Diminished responsibility and suicide pact is laid out In the Homicide Act 1954 and the defence loss of control is laid out in the Coroner and justice Act 2009, dimished responsibility and suicide pact are both modified by the Coroners and justice Act 2009. These defences are special defences they can only be applied to the law of murder. Diminished responsibility is one of the defences that can be used in the case of a murder, it is set out in section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957[2] and amended by section 52 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.In order for the defence of diminished responsibility to be used by the defendant who has killed or is a party of killing of another , the defendant has to be suffering from an abnormality of mental functioning which-(A) arose from a recognised medical condition, (B) substantially impaired the defendants ability to understand the nature of their conduct, to f orm a rational judgment and to exercise self-control and (C) provides an explanation for the defendants acts and omission in doing or being a party to the killing. The case of R v Bryne [1960] is related to the abnormality of the mind, rather than the abnormality of metal functioning. An abnormality of the state of mind is that a reasonable man would consider abnormal. Prior to the amendment of the Homicide Act 1957 by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, the Homicide Act referred to the abnormality of the mind, it was amended to clarify the law and not to make any changes to the application of the defence, which is why case law that were under the Homicide Act are still influential when deciding what may count as an abnormality of the mental functioning. Loss of control as a partial defence has the ability to reduce the liability of murder to manslaughter, loss of control as a defence was first introduced by section 54 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, prior to this amendment, it was known as the defence of provocation under section 3 Homicide Act 1957.The requirements to use provocation as a partial defence were: there must be evidence of provocation, the defendant must have been provoked to lose their self control and the provocation must be such as to make a reasonable man do as the defendant did. Loss of control as a defence was introduced because of the concern in regards to the defence of provocation. The requirement for the partial defence of loss of control is laid out in s.54(1) Coroners and Justice Act 2009, the requirements are; (A) The defendants acts or omissions must result from defendants loss of control. (B) The loss of control has a qualifying trigger; and (C) A person of the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sex and age with a normal degree of tolerance and self restraint in the circumstances of defendant, might have acted in the same way. The defence of loss of control is further defined in section 55,there must be: a loss of self contro l that is not necessarily sudden, and the defendant loss of control must have been attributed to one or both of two specified triggers which are- 1) the defendant fears of serious violence from victim against defendant or another identified person or things done or said which constitute circumstances of an extremely grave character and cause defendant to have a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged. The Coroners and justice act 2009 has reformed the law of voluntary manslaughter by reforming certain parts of the Homicide Act 1957. The aims of the creation of the CJA 2009 was to narrow the use defence of loss of control and to also get rid of the negative connotations that came the phrase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" Provocationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, it was also decided that the defence of provocation as one that excused killing but one that could justify the killing. The Coroners and justice act 2009 has replaced the partial defence of provocation with loss of control, the provocation def ence was replaced because it was subject to plenty of consideration by the appeal courts, the appeal courts were not always consistent in the interpretation and application of the defence of provocation. The defence of provocation was also considered to be gender bias because it favoured male defendants that killed as a result of losing their temper, but did not provide a tailored response to female defendants that killed out of fear of serious violence i.e. domestic violence. Women were at a disadvantage if they did not act in a state that of which could be legally described as a sudden or temporary loss of control, also the battered woman syndrome was only taken into account if it was relevant to the provocation. This lead to the reform of the CJA 2009, It was designed to be a narrower defence than the defence of provocation. Sexual infidelity is no longer allowed as a qualifying trigger. If the defendant is relying on things said or done then they must be extremely grave in natur e and have caused a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged, which was not required under provocation. But also it considered to be wider because the fear of sudden violence being considered in cases which is set out in the Coroner and Justice Act 2009, whereas in the Homicide Act 1954 it was not considered and there also doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have to be a sudden loss of control. In the case of R v Ahluwalia [1993][3] the defendant set fire to her husband whilst he was asleep, he died a few days later form his injuries, the couple had an arranged marriage, and her husband had been having an affair and was violent and abusive throughout their marriage, on the night the defendant killed the victim, the victim had threatened her with more violence, the defendant admitted to killing the victim but used the defence of provocation, but the defendant was then convicted for murder, she appealed on the grounds that the judges direction to the jury relating to provocation was wrong an d she also raised the defence of diminished responsibility. It was held that the judges direction on provocation was correct and appeal on the grounds of provocation was therefore unsuccessful, but her appeal was allowed on the grounds of diminished responsibility. This case highlights how women were at a disadvantage with the Homicide Act 2009 women who were charged with murder had to rely on the defence of diminished responsibility which required evidence from an expert .i.e. A doctor and this stigmatized these women as being mentally abnormal. The loss of control as a defence also improves the control the judges have over whether there is sufficient evidence or not to raise the defence, this means that there will be a more consistent use of the defence where it is needed. For example in the case of R v Doughty[ 1986][4], the defendant killed his son whom was only 17 days old, the baby had been constantly crying and the defendant had tried his best to stop the baby crying, but fai led to do so, so the defendant covered the baby mouth to drown out the sound of the crying but pressed down harder than he meant to also at the time he was kneeling on the babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s head, the defendant had been under stress since the birth of his son, he had to look after his wife whom was told to take things easy because she had a caesarean birth, look after the baby and also daily chores that had to be done around the house. The defendant argued that he was provoked by the babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constant crying. It was held that the babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crying could amount to a provocative act within s.3 of the Homicide Act 1957, the defendant conviction for murder was changed to manslaughter and his life sentence was reduced to 5 years. In conclusion the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 has succeeded in it aims to reform the law of voluntary manslaughter, its aims were to was to narrow the use defence of loss of control and to also get rid of the negative connot ations that came the phrase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Provocationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and to also to use the defence to justify killings not to excuse it, this can be seen in the case of Doughty, where he used the defence of provocation to excuse his killing not to justify it. The CJA 2009 is also fairer to women, where women with battered women syndrome can justify their killings using the defence of loss of control, in the case of Ahluwalia where she couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t use the defence of provocation but instead had to use the defence of diminished responsibility. Bibliography Cases R v Ahluwalia (1993) 96 Cr App R 133 R v Doughty (1986) 83 Cr App R 319 Sources D Ormerod, Smith and hoganà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Criminal law (OUP,2011) p 507. The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 The Homicide Act 1957 [1] coroners and justice act 2009 [2] section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957 [3] R v Ahluwalia (1993) 96 Cr App R 133 [4] R v Doughty (1986) 83 Cr App R 319